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| Art, Artists and Nature: The Hudson River School |
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GLOSSARY |
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Allegory - A tale with one or many metaphors standing for other ideas and images. Atmospheric perspective - A technique of showing distance in a painting by gradually changing the color and tone of objects. Background - The area of a painting that appears furthest away. Binder - The liquid mixed with pigment to form paint. In many cases linseed oil is used as a binder for oil paints. Brushes - A device composed of bristles and set into a suitable back or handle and used for applying paint to a canvas. Canvas - A surface prepared to receive painting, usually oil painting, made of course closely woven cloth. Charcoal - A piece of wood that has been charred in a hot oven with no oxygen. Used in painting to sketch in nature or to outline a drawing before putting paint on the canvas. Composition - Arrangement of subject matter. Foreground - The area of the painting that appears closest to the viewer. Genre - A group of paintings placed into a distinctive group with respect to style, form, or purpose. Gesso - A prepared paste applied to wood or canvas, often made out of plaster of Paris or gypsum. The gesso tightens the canvas and prevents the oil paints from seeping through. Glaze - A semitransparent coat of color applied to a painting to modify the effect of the colors. Gouache - A method of painting with pigments which have been ground in water and mingled with a preparation of gum. top Landscape - A representation of outdoor scenery. Linear perspective - A mathematical system for representing three-dimensional objects from a single viewpoint. Metaphor - Use of an image to suggest a likeness or similarity with something else. Middle ground - The middle area in a painting. Oil paint - Paint made by using ground pigments combined with a binder such as linseed oil. Paint bladder - Used by artists for storing their mixed oil paints, made from a pig’s bladder. Collapsible metal tubes replaced the paint bladder in the mid-19th century. Palette - A small board on which a painter mixes his colors. Palette knife - A small knife used for removing and adding paint to either the palette or a canvas. Patron - A person who supports of an artist, both financially and socially. Picturesque - Representing the charm in scenes or ideas, without attaining beauty or sublimity. Pigment - A powdered substance made of ground stones, such as malachite or azurite in the nineteenth century. Realism - An accurate representation without idealization. Romanticism - A trend in thought that prevailed during the mid-eighteenth century affecting styles of art, literature, and philosophy. It emphasized emotion, instinct and imagination as the most valuable human qualities. Sketch - An outline of a painting. Artists often sketch their works on paper in advance, before putting them on canvas. Stretcher bars - Wooden bars used to give tension to a piece of canvas for painting. The canvas is pulled across the bars and fastened tightly, providing a good work surface for the artist. Studio - The working room of an artist. Sublime - A sense of elevated beauty or grandeur. Symbol - Something that represents or stands for something else. Symmetry - Having balance of size, shape and relative position on either side of a center axis. Varnish - A liquid preparation which, when spread upon a surface, dries forming a hard, lustrous coating. |
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Art, Artists and Nature: The Hudson River School |
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