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| The Civil War |
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Vocabulary |
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Abraham Lincoln - 16th president of the United States. As President, he built the Republican Party into a strong national organization. Further, he rallied most of the northern Democrats to the Union cause. On January 1, 1863, he issued the Emancipation Proclamation that declared forever free those slaves within the Confederacy.
Army - a large number of people united for some specific purpose.
Attrition warfare is a strategic concept which states that to win a war, one's enemy must be worn down to the point of collapse by continuous losses in personnel and material. The war will usually be won by the side with greater such reserves.
Border States - Missouri, Kentucky, West Virginia, Maryland and Delaware.
Clara Barton - (December 25, 1821 (although there is a confusion with her date of birth, as her birth certificate says the 25th, while her family members say that she was born the day before Christmas, the 24th)–April 12, 1912) was a pioneer American teacher, nurse, and humanitarian. She has been described as having had an "indomitable spirit" and is best remembered for organizing the American Red Cross.
Confederacy - Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Tennessee, Arkansas, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas.
Conflict - a state of opposition between persons or ideas or interests.
Draft Riots - In the summer of 1864 the peace-at-any-price element at the North protested stoutly against the conscription for the Union army, and in New York City the opposition developed into a frantic and brutal riot. A great deal of property was destroyed, and not a few lives taken. Colored persons were in especial danger. An asylum for colored orphans was burned and other outrages of a similar nature perpetrated. The number of lives sacrificed to the fury of the mob was about 400, the wanton destruction of property, $2,000,000. Gov. Seymour tried to quiet the rioters, and in a conciliatory address called them “friends.” That circumstance was made much of against him when he was Democratic candidate for President in 1868.
Dred Scott - (ca. 1795 – September 17, 1858) was a slave who sued unsuccessfully for his freedom in the infamous Dred Scott v. Sanford case of 1857. His case was based on the fact that he and his wife Harriet had lived, while slaves, in states and territories where slavery was illegal, including Illinois and parts of the Louisiana Purchase. The court ruled 7 to 2 against Scott, stating that slaves were property, and the court would not deprive slave owners of their property without due process of law according to the Fifth Amendment. This case was one of the major factors leading to the American Civil War.
Emancipation Proclamation - a presidential order on January 1, 1863 declaring the freedom of all slaves in those areas of the Confederate States of America that had not already returned to Union control. It was not a law passed by a Congress but a proclamation issued by President Abraham Lincoln, based on the war powers given to the President by the Constitution.
Frederick Douglass - (born Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey, c. 1818 – February 20, 1895) was an American abolitionist, editor, orator, author, statesman and reformer. Called "The Sage of Anacostia" and "The Lion of Anacostia," Douglass was the most prominent African-American of his time, and one of the most influential lecturers and authors in American history.
Gettysburg Address - Abraham Lincoln's most famous speech, was delivered at the dedication of the Soldiers' National Cemetery in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania on November 19, 1863, four and one-half months after the Battle of Gettysburg during the American Civil War.
Harriet Beecher Stowe - (June 14, 1811 – July 1, 1896) was an abolitionist, and writer of more than 10 books, the most famous being Uncle Tom's Cabin which describes life in slavery, and which was first published in serial form from 1851 to 1852 in an abolitionist organ, the National Era, edited by Gamaliel Bailey.
Jefferson Davis - He is most famous for serving as the only President of the Confederate States of America, leading the rebelling southern slave states (the Confederate States) to defeat during the American Civil War, 1861-65. Davis was never touched by corruption, but he lacked the astute political skills of his counterpart Abraham Lincoln, and was unable to devise a successful military strategy in the face of the much larger and more industrially developed Union.
John Brown - abolitionist who was hanged after leading an unsuccessful raid at Harper's Ferry, Virginia (1800-1858).
George Brinton McClellan - (December 3, 1826 – October 29, 1885) was a major general during the American Civil War. He organized the famous Army of the Potomac and served briefly (November 1861 to March 1862) as the general-in-chief of the Union Army. After his military service, he was an unsuccessful candidate for President of the United States in 1864 and was a Democratic Party politician, who served as the 24th Governor of New Jersey from 1878-1881.
Regiment - a military division, denoting origin and location.
Republican party - a major US political party also known as the GOP (standing for the Grand Old Party). The symbol of the Republican party is the elephant. The Republican party was founded as an anti-slavery party in the mid 1800s. The first Republican US President was Abraham Lincoln.
Robert E. Lee - was a U.S. Army officer and the most successful general of the Confederate forces during the American Civil War. Lee at first opposed the Confederacy and nearly accepted a major Union command, but when his home state of Virginia seceded he chose to join with his family and neighbors and fight for Virginia. His first major command came in June 1862 when he took over the Confederacy's premier combat force, the Army of Northern Virginia, with responsibility for defending Richmond.
Secession - the act of withdrawing from an organization, union, or political entity.
Slavery - forced unpaid labor.
Strategies - specific, measurable, obtainable set of plans carefully developed.
Ulysses S. Grant - (April 27, 1822 – July 23, 1885) was a Union general in the American Civil War and the 18th (1869–1877) President of the United States.
Union - comprised of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, Illinois, Iowa, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Kansas, California, Nevada and Oregon. |
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The Civil War |
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